References
Ovulation as the organising mechanism
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- Nguyen JD, Duong H. Anovulatory bleeding. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; updated 2025.Re-verify Supports the core mechanism used throughout this site: without ovulation no progesterone is produced, leaving unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium and irregular, prolonged and often heavy bleeding. Author attribution and current revision date taken from the NCBI Bookshelf record and should be confirmed; StatPearls chapters are revised and re-attributed over time.
- Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Re-verify Origin of the four-category classification of dysfunctional bleeding used on this site — estrogen withdrawal, estrogen breakthrough, progesterone withdrawal and progesterone breakthrough bleeding. The framework is reproduced widely in the secondary literature and in clinical reviews; the specific edition, year and pagination were not verified in this build and must be supplied before formal citation.
Where a claim on this site could not be traced to one of the sources in these lists, it is not stated. Where two sources disagree, both are shown rather than reconciled. Corrections are welcome — obmd.com.